Other Resources

Statute, Rules, and Other Authority

• Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (as amended, at 22 U.S.C. § 611 et seq.)
• FARA Registration Unit Rules (at 28 C.F.R. § 5.1 et seq)
• FARA Statutory Index
• Exec. Ord. 9176 (7 Fed. Reg. 4127 (June 2, 1942))

Department of Justice Materials

• Dept. of Justice Letter on S.1724, the "Foreign Agents Disclosure and Registration Enhancement Act of 2021"
• Dept. of Justice Brochure on Protecting the United States from Covert Influence (2020)
• Dept. of Justice Settlement Agreement with Skadden Arps (2019)
• Dept. of Justice Office of the Inspector General Report on FARA (2016)
• Dept. of Justice Criminal Enforcement Manual on FARA (Sections 2062 and 2063)
• Dept. of Justice Explanations of the Foreign Agents Registration Act and FARA Rules (1986, 1942)
• Dept. of Justice FARA Registration Unit “Frequently Asked Questions” – GENERAL
• Dept. of Justice FARA Registration Unit “Frequently Asked Questions” – eFile
• Dept. of Justice FARA Registration Unit “Frequently Asked Questions” – Scope of Agency
• Dept. of Justice FARA-Related Annual Reports to Congress
• FARA Filing Document Search
• FARA E-Filing Log-In Page
• Dept. of Justice U.S. Attorneys’ Manual on FARA (Sections 9-90.700 and 9-90.710)

Statutory Versions of FARA

• Public Law 110-81 (2007)
• Public Law 105-166 (1998)
• Public Law 104-65 (1995)
• Public Law 102–395(1992)
• Public Law 98-620 (1984)
• Public Law 91-375 (1970)
• Public Law 89-486 (1966)
• Public Law 87-366 (1961)
• Public Law 84-893 (1956)
• Public Law 81-831 at Section 20 (1950)
• Public Law 81-642 (1950)
• Public Law 77-532 (1942)
• Public Law 76-319 (1939)
• Public Law 75-583 (1938)

Select Legislative History and Rule Notices

• S. Rep. No. 105-147 (1997)
• H. Rep. No. 104-339 (1995)
• S. Rep. No. 103-37 (1993)
• 112 Cong. Rec. 10534-39 (1966)
• 112 Cong. Rec. 13827-28 (1966)
• H. Conf. Rep. 89-1632 (1966)
• H. Rep. No. 89-1470 (1966)
• S. Rep. No. 89-143 (1965)
• 110 Cong. Rec. 16031-16045 (1964)
• S. Rep. No. 88-875 (1964)
• S. Res. No. 26 (1963)
• 109 Cong. Rec. 16598 (1963)
• 108 Cong. Rec. 13385 (1962)
• S. Rep. No. 87-1061 (1961)
• H. Rep. No. 87-246 (1961)
• H. Rep. No 86-949 (1959)
• S. Rep. No. 81-1900 (1950)
• H. Rep. No. 81-1775 (1950)
• H. Rep.  NO. 77-2037(1942)
• 88 Cong. Rec. 778-806 (1942)
• 88 Cong. Rec. 1139 (1942)
• H. Rep. No. 77-1662 (1942)
• S. Rep. No. 77-1227 (1942)
• H. Rep. No. 77-2038 (1942)
• Message from the President of the United States Transmitting without Approval (1942)
• H. Rep. No. 77-1547 (1941)
• 87 Cong. Rec. 10022-10064 (1941)
• 87 Cong. Rec. A4417-A4419 (1941)
• S. Rep. No. 77-913 (1941)
• H. Rep. No. 77-1 (1941)
• S. Rep. No. 76-902 (1939)
• H. Rep. No. 76-711 (1939)
• S. Rep. No. 75-1783 (1938)
• H. Conf. Rep. No. 75-2510 (1938)
• 83 Cong. Rec. 8021-22 (1938)
• H. Rep. No. 75-1381 (1937)
• H. Rep. No. 74-153 (1935)
• 79 Cong. Rec. 2668-73 (1935)
• 78 Cong. Rec. 4934-4948 (1934)
• FARA-Related Notices in the Federal Register (2021, 2007, 2003, 1999, 1993-July, 1993-July, 1974, 1973, 1971, 1967, 1966, 1956, 1954, 1950, 1948, 1946-Sept, 1946-Aug, 1944-Oct, 1944-May, 1943, 1942)

Congressional Hearings

• U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary, Enhancing the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (April 5, 2022)

• U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Oversight of the Foreign Agents Registration Act and Attempts to Influence U.S. Elections (July, 26, 2017)
• U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary, Examining Systematic Management, and Fiscal Challenges within the Department of Justice (March 21, 2017)
• U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Hearing on S. 2279, The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1992 (1992)
• U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, The Federal Lobbying Disclosure Laws (1991)
• U.S. House of Reps. Committee on the Judiciary, Modification of the Foreign Agents Registration Act (1991)
• U.S. House of Reps. Committee on the Judiciary, Oversight Hearing on Canadian Films and the Foreign Agents Registration Act (1983)
• U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Inquiry into the Matter of Billy Carter and Libya (1980)
• U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Hearing to Amend the Foreign Agents Registration Act (1965)
• U.S. House of Reps. Committee on the Judiciary, Hearings on Bills to Amend the Foreign Agents Registration Act (1965)
• U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, The Nondiplomatic Activities of Foreign Governments (1963)
• U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Hearings on Foreign Agents Registration Act Amendments (1963)
• U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Staff, Nondiplomatic Activities of Representatives of Foreign Governments (1962)
• U.S. House of Reps. Committee on the Judiciary, Hearings on Amending Act Requiring Registration of Foreign Agents (1941)
•  U.S. House of Reps. Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of Nazi and Other Propaganda (1935)

Congressional Correspondence

• Correspondence between U.S. Senator Charles Grassley and the FARA Registration Unit (December 2023, August 2022, May 2022, July 2021, Oct. 2018, July 2017, May 2017, March 2017, June 2015, May 2015)
• Letters from Republican House Natural Resources Committee to Environmental Nonprofits (Letter to Natural Resources Defense Council (June 2018), Letter to Center for Biological Diversity (June 2018), Letter to Natural Resources Defense Council (July 2018), Letter to World Resources Institute (Sept. 2018), Letter to EarthJustice (Oct. 2018))
• Other congressional correspondence related to FARA (Letter on Former Sec. of State Kerry (Sept. 2018), Letter on Rudy Giuliani (Sept. 2018), Letter on Al Jazerra Media (Mar. 2018), Letter on Xinhua News, China Daily and CGTN (Jan. 2018), Letter Supporting Increased FARA Enforcement (Apr. 2019))
• Other congressional correspondence related to FARA
  • Letter on TikTok (2023)
  • Letter on Islamic Education Center (2023)
  • Letter on LIV Golf (2022)
  • Letter on Hunter Biden (2020)
  • Letter on Petróleos de Venezuela (May 2020)
  • Letter on China Daily (Feb. 2020)
  • Letter on National Iranian American Council (Jan. 2020)
  • Letter on Rudy Giuliani (Sept. 2019)
  • Letter on Al Jazeera Media (June 2019)
  • Letter Supporting Increased FARA Enforcement (Apr. 2019)
  • Letter on Xinhua News, China Daily and CGTN (Jan. 2018)
  • Letter on Al Jazeera Media (Aug. 2020, June 2019)
  • Letter on Rudy Giuliani (Sept. 2018)
  • Letter on Former Sec. of State Kerry (Sept. 2018)

Other Government Materials

• U.S. Senate Committee on Intelligence Report on Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election (2020)
• General Accounting Office and Government Accountability Office Reports on FARA (2008, 1998, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1974)
• Congressional Research Service Report on FARA (2023, 2020-June, 2020-February, 2019, 2017, 1991, 1977)
• Report of the Attorney General to the Congress on the Administration of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (1967)

Forms

• Initial “Long-Form” Registration Statement
  • “Short-Form” Registration Statement
  • Exhibit A
  • Exhibit B
  • Exhibit C (organizational documents provided by filer)
  • Exhibit D (fundraising accounting provided by filer)
  • Amendment to Initial “Long-Form” Registration Statement
• Supplemental Statement

Academic Articles

• Michael Castrovilla, The Inherently Political Nature of the Foreign Agents Registration Act: A Statute in Need of Improvement, 10 Nat'l Sec. L.J. 176, 177 (2023).
• Samuel Rebo, FARA in Focus: What Can Russia's Foreign Agent Law Tell Us About America's?, 12 J. Nat'l Security L. & Pol'y 277 (2022).
• Huan-Ting Wu & Daniel B. Olmos, An Empirical Study of 18 U.S.C. 951, 46 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 53, 53 (2022).
• Tarun Krishnakumar, Propaganda by Permission: Examining "Political Activities" Under the Foreign Agents Registration Act, 47 J. Legis. 44 (2021).
• Monica Romero, Comment, How Far Will FARA Go? The Foreign Agents Registration Act and the Criminalization of Global Human Rights Advocacy, 96 Wash. L. Rev. 695 (2021).
• David Aaron, 18 U.S.C. Section 951 and the Non-Traditional Intelligence Actor Threat from the First World to the Present Day, 45 Seton Hall Legis. J. 1 (2021).
• Peter Courtney and Tiffany Lee, Finding the Other Manaforts: How, and How Much, Foreign Money is Spent on Lobbying in the United States, APSA Version 1 Sept. 8, 2020.
• Nicholas Robinson, ‘Foreign Agents’ in an Interconnected World: FARA and the Weaponization of Transparency, 69 Duke L.J. 1075-1147 (2020).
• Joshua Fattal, FARA on Facebook: Modernizing the Foreign Agents Registration Act to Address Propagandists on Social Media, 21 N.Y.U. J. Legis. & Pub. Pol’y 903 (2019).
• Note, The Foreign Agents Registration Act in the Age of the Russian Federation: Combating Interference by Russian Media in the United States, 25 Sw. J. Int’lL. 447 (2019).
• Jacqueline Van De Velde, The ‘Foreign Agent’ Problem: An International Legal Solution to Domestic Restrictions on Non-Governmental Organizations, 40 Cardozo L. Rev. 687 (2018).
• Jahad Atieh, Foreign Agents: Updating FARA to Protect American Democracy, 31 U. Pa. J. Int’l L. 1051 (2010)
• Charles Lawson, Shining the Spotlight of Pitiless Publicity on Foreign Lobbyists Evaluating the Impact of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 on the Foreign Agents Registration Act, 29 Vand. J. Transnat’l L. 1151 (1996)
• Phillip Perry, Recently Proposed Reforms to the Foreign Agents Registration Act, 23 Cornell Int’l L.J. 133 (1990)
• Mark B. Baker, Updating the Foreign Agents Registration Act to Meet the Current Economic Threat to National Security, 25 Tex. Int’l L. J. 23 (1990).
• Michael I. Spak, America for Sale: When Well-Connected Former Federal Officials Peddle Their Influence to the Highest Foreign Bidder—A Statutory Analysis and Proposals for reform of the Foreign Agents Registration Act and the Ethics in Government Act, 78 Ky. L. J. 237 (1989).
• Karim Lyn, Unconstitutional Inhibitions: Political Propaganda and the Foreign Agents Registration Act, 33 N.Y.L. Sch. L. Rev. 345 (1988)
• Robert Waters, The Foreign Agents Registration Act: How Open Should the Marketplace of Ideas Be?, 53 Mo. L. Rev. 795 (1988)
• Ava Plakins, Heat Not Light: The Foreign Agents Registration Act After Meese v. Keene, 11 Fordham Int’l L.J. 184 (1987)
• Note, The Foreign Agents Registration Act: When is Registration Required?, 34 S.C.L. Rev. 687 (1983)
• Anne Dorfman, Neutral Propaganda: Three Films “Made in Canada” and the Foreign Agents Registration, 7 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L.J. 435 (1983)
• Yuk Law, The Foreign Agents Registration Act: A New Standard for Determining Agency, 6 Fordham Int’l L.J. 365 (1982)
• James Hyde, Foreign Agents’ Registration: A Practitioner’s Note, 5 N.C. J. Int’l L. & Com. Reg. 377 (1980)
• Stuart Baesel, Jr., The Attorney Client Privilege under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938: Attorney General v. Covington and Burling, 4 N.C. J. Int’l L. & Com. Reg. 59 (1978)
• Claude-Leonard Davis, Attorneys, Propagandists, and International Business: A Comment on the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, 3 Ga. J. of Int’l & Comp. L. 408 (1973)
• Roland Paul, Foreign Agents Registration Act: The New Amendments, 22 Bus. Law. 601 (1967)
• Note, Attorneys Under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, 78 Harv. L. Rev. 619 (1965)
• Note, Gerald McLaughlin, Foreign Agents Registration Act: Proposed Amendments, 40 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 311 (1965).
• Francis O’Hara, The Foreign Agents Registration Act – The Spotlight of Pitiless Publicity, 10 Vill. L. Rev. 435 (1965)
• David Simiele, Disclosure Under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as Amended, 14 CASE W. RES. L. REV. 579 (1963)
• Daniel Berman & Robert Heineman, Lobbying by Foreign Governments on the Sugar Act Amendments of 1962, 28 Law and Contemporary Problems 416 (Spring 1963).

Presentations and Conferences

• Matthew Sanderson and Bryson Morgan Explain the Foreign Agents Registration Act and Compliance Objectives for U.S. Entities on SCCE Webinar (Nov. 19,2018)
• Caplin & Drysdale Presentation to the District of Columbia Bar (2018)
• University of Pennsylvania Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law, Protecting Democracy: Modernizing the Foreign Agents Registration Act (Apr. 2019)
• Notable Speeches by Department of Justice Officials (2023, 2020, 2019)

Other

• FARA: Issues and Recommendations for Reform, Report by the Task Force on Foreign Agents Registration Act, American Bar Association International Law Section, (released September 2021)